Spend Quality Time With Family And Explore Home Based Business Success

Spend Quality Time With Family And Explore Home Based Business Success

Free Online Articles Directory

Why Submit Articles?
Top Authors
Top Articles
FAQ
ABAnswers

Publish Article

0 && $ .browser.msie ) {
var ie_version = parseInt($ .browser.version);
if(ie_version Login

Login via

Register
Hello
My Home
Sign Out

Email

Password


Remember me?
Lost Password?

Home Page > Business > Home Business > Spend Quality Time With Family And Explore Home Based Business Success

Categories
AdvertisingArts & EntertainmentAutomotiveBeautyBusinessCareersComputersEducationFinanceFood and BeverageHealthHobbiesHome and FamilyHome ImprovementInternetLawMarketingNews and SocietyRelationshipsSelf ImprovementShoppingSpiritualitySports and FitnessTechnologyTravelWriting

Spend Quality Time With Family And Explore Home Based Business Success

By: Helen Barham
Posted: Apr 08, 2010

]]>

Many parents dream of giving up their 9-5 office job to start an at-home business.  Their dream is fueled by a passionate need to spend more quality time with family.  Once they make their dream a reality and set up an at-home business, it takes planning and organization to make it work.

Create a daily schedule

Come up with a good work schedule for yourself.  Many at-home workers say setting office hours for themselves works very well.  Once your family understands these are your work hours, they will learn to respect you and your work. One of the common complaints from work at home parents is that family members don’t realize how important at-home work is. Help your family find respect for your business.

Read more articles
how to money using the internet make cb pirate
Internet Business Opportunity Make Money Online – Misleading Untruths Being Promoted
Internet Business Opportunity Make Money Online – Evergreen Lie Ever
How to Make Money Using Google Adwords – 5 Steps to Get Rich

Determine when you are most productive.  Many parents like to schedule work sessions early in the morning when the house is quiet.  Some choose to add another work block after the children are in bed in the evening. Creating work sessions outside of your children’s schedules can open up time during the day to spend with children and spouses.
It may take some trial and error to get just the right schedule. You might consider spending two or three weeks trying different daily time configurations. See what feels right for you, your spouse, and your children.

Establish a routine, and stick to it

Whether they admit it or not, most people like routine in their work day. We know kids thrive on it. One of the most important ingredients in finding success with an at home business if you have a family, is establishing a routine.  The routine should start early in the morning before breakfast, and continue through bedtime hours.

Once each family member gets a feel for the routine, it will become second nature. And no one will feel anxious or left out of the schedule, or routine, if they know what’s coming each day.

Schedule kid time every day

It’s important to schedule time for your children every day.  That time could be spent reading a book, doing homework, or helping with a hobby.  Try to make sure each child feels they’ve had your uninterrupted time every day.  Once they realize this special time is part of the daily routine, they’ll feel comfortable and confident you’re there for them.

Make weekends a work-free zone

It is a good idea to try to make weekends totally for family. From the end of your work day on Friday, to Monday morning, make this time for your children, spouse, and extended family.  Plan a beach outing, a backyard barbecue, bake a cake with your kids, and schedule a romantic date with your spouse.  Your plans don’t need to be elaborate or expensive.  A little creativity goes a long way.

While it may be difficult to walk away from your at-home office, it will help you and your family be more productive if you learn to work hard, and play hard.

Helen Barham – About the Author:

Are you looking for a lifestyle that allows more quality time with family? The Internet has emerged as the most powerful means of Global Commerce. Find out how to harness this remarkable opportunity by visiting http://www.homeworkingbiz.net/.

Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/home-business-articles/spend-quality-time-with-family-and-explore-home-based-business-success-2121885.html

]]>

Increase your traffic today just by submitting articles with us, click here to get started.

Liked this article? Click here to publish it on your website or blog, it’s free and easy!

Rate this Article

1
2
3
4
5

vote(s)
0 vote(s)

Feedback
Print

0) {
ch_selected = Math.floor(Math.random()*ch_queries.length);
if(ch_selected == ch_queries.length) ch_selected–;
ch_query = ch_queries[ch_selected];
}
}catch(e){
ch_query = document.title;
}
]]>

Article Tags:
quality time with family, make money using the internet, how to make money on the side

Latest Home Business Articles
More from Helen Barham

Midtown Manhattan Apartment Rentals

If you love having your finger on the pulse of the city, then midtown Manhattan apartment rentals are for you. An authentic urban destination, the streets are complemented by soaring glass and steel towers that make every day feel truly epic.

By: Imaculate Johnson

Business >
Home Business
May 25, 2011

Upper East Side Apartment Rentals

For many renters, life doesn’t get any better than calling the Upper East Side your home. And local residents know how to live it right. With some of the city’s finest boutiques at your disposal, apartment rentals in this neighborhood will redefine your sense of luxury. Regal prewar buildings are nestled side by side with slick modern apartment rentals that stretch into the skyline.

By: Imaculate Johnson

Business >
Home Business
May 25, 2011

Chelsea Apartment Rentals

Unmatched service isn’t simply relegated to hotel accommodations. Now you can have all that and more when you explore the limitless possibilities that Chelsea apartments have to offer. Centrally located in one of Manhattan’s most desirable neighborhoods, these properties provide the height of comfort at reasonable rental prices, making every night an affordable luxury.

By: Imaculate Johnson

Business >
Home Business
May 25, 2011

Sarasota properties: it is the dream place to live in

If you are planning for Island of Anna Maria, then you need to know different beaches and Islands here. Anna Maria is located just a mile away from Gulf Coast.

By: Jessica Blox

Business >
Home Business
May 25, 2011

NYC Luxury Apartments

From Broadway shows to gracious parks dotted with historic oaks, the city that never sleeps is ready to provide you with the perfect place to lay your head. Experience life without a pause button when you explore the possibility of NYC luxury apartment rentals.

By: Imaculate Johnson

Business >
Home Business
May 25, 2011

Who Can Make Money Using The Internet? Level The Playing Field

Many people feel intimidated, or not tech savvy enough to make money using the Internet. This is a huge misconception. While all business, whether online or off, takes hard work; online business opportunities merely require

Gender Based Violence ? a Violation of Human Rights

Gender Based Violence – A Violation of Human Rights

 

                                                     

 

Position of Women from ancient period

 

Some scholars believe that in ancient India, the women enjoyed equal status with men in all fields of life. However, some others hold contrasting views. Works by ancient Indian grammarians such as Patanjali and Katyayana suggest that women were educated in the early Vedic period. Rigvedic verses suggest that the women married at a mature age and were probably free to select their husband.Scriptures such as Rig Veda and Upanishads mention several women sages and seers, notably Gargi and Maitreyi.

Some kingdoms in the ancient India had traditions such as nagarvadhu (“bride of the city”). Women competed to win the coveted title of the nagarvadhu. Amrapali is the most famous example of a nagarvadhu.

According to studies, women enjoyed equal status and rights during the early Vedic period. However, later (approximately 500 B.C.), the status of women began to decline with the Smritis (esp. Manusmriti) and other religious texts curtailing women’s freedom and rights.

The Indian woman’s position in the society further deteriorated during the medieval period. Sati, child marriages and ban on widow remarriages became part of social life in India. The Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent brought the purdah practice in the Indian society. Among the Rajputs of Rajasthan, the Jauhar was practised. In some parts of India, the Devadasis or the temple women were sexually exploited. Polygamy was widely practised esp. among Hindu Kshatriya rulers. In many Muslim families, women were secluded to Zenana.

In spite of these conditions, some women execeled in the fields of politics, literature, education and religion. Razia Sultana became the only woman monarch to have ever ruled Delhi. The Gond queen Durgavati ruled for fifteen years, before she lost her life in a battle with Mughal empror Akbar’s general Asaf Khan in 1564.

The Bhakti cults tried to restore women’s status and questioned some of the forms of oppression. Mirabai, a female saint-poet, was one of the most important Bhakti movement figures. Some other female saint-poets from this period include Akkamadevi, Rami Janabai and Lal Ded.

Rani Padmini Jahanara Begum and Princess Zebunnissa were well-known poetesses and they also influenced the ruling administration. Buddhist Nuns

Guru Nanak, the first guru of Sikhs preached the message of equality between men and women. He advocated that women are allowed to lead religious assemblies; to perform and lead congregational hymn singing called Kirtan or Bhajan; become members of religious management committees; to lead armies on the battlefield; have equality in marriage, and equality in Amrit (Baptism). Other Sikh Gurus also preached against the discrimination against women. Although reformatory movements such as Jainism allowed women to be admitted to the religious order, by and large, the women in India faced confinement and restrictions. The practice of child marriages is believed to have started from around sixth century.

European scholars observed in the 19th century Hindu women are “naturally chaste” and “more virtuous” than other women. During the British Raj, many reformers such as Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Hyotirao Phule etc. fought for the upliftment of women. Raja Rammohun Ray’s effeorts led to the abolition of the Sati practice in 1829. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar’s crusade for the improvement in condition of widows led to the Widow Remarriage Act of 1856. Many women reformers such as Pandita Ramabai also helped the cause of women upliftment.

            In 1917, the first women’s delegation met the Secretary of State to demand women’s political rights, supported by the Indian National Congress. The All India Women’s Education Conference was held in Pune in 1927. In 1929, the Child Marriage Restraint Act was passed, stipulating fourteen as the minimum age of marriage for a girl. Though Mahatma Gandhi himself married at the age of thirteen, he later urged people to boycott child marriages and called upon the young men to marry the child widows.

Women played an important part in India’s independence struggle. Some of the famous freedom fighters include Bhikaji Cama, Dr. Annie Besant, Pritilata Waddedar, Vijayalakshmi Pandit, Rajkumari Amrit Kaur, Anjali Ammal, Aruna Asaf Ali, Sucheta Kriplani and Kasturba Gandhi. Other notable names include Muthulakshmi Reddi, Durgabai Deshmukh etc. The Rani of Jhansi Regiment of Subhash Chandra Bose’s Indian National Army consisted entirely of women including Captain Lakshmi Sahgal. Sarojini Naidu, a poet and a freedom fighter, was the first Indian woman to become the President of the Indian National Congress and the first woman to become the governor of a state in India.

Women in India now participate in all activities such as education, politics, media, art and culture, service sectors, science and technology, etc.

Gender based Violence

            Gender based violence is a serious, long-standing problem in most countries, with particular impact on women. Every year, thousands of women are beaten, raped or psychologically abused by their intimate partners.

Abuses against women are relentless, systematic, and widely tolerated, if not explicitly condoned. Violence and discrimination against women are global social epidemics, notwithstanding the very real progress of the international women’s human rights movement in identifying, raising awareness about, and challenging impunity for women’s human rights violations. Millions of women throughout the world live in conditions of abject deprivation of, and attacks against, their fundamental human rights for no other reason than that they are women.

Harms suffered by women at the hands of private individuals or within the family have been placed outside of the conceptual framework of international human rights. Feminists have argued that a failing of international human rights norms is in not recognizing the ‘gendered’ consequences of their application they render invisible particular problems suffered by women.

 

Crimes against Women

            Police records show high incidence of crimes against women in India. The National Crime Records Bureau reported in 1998 that the growth rate of crimes against women would be higher than the population growth rate by 2010. Earlier, many cases were not registered with the police due to the social stigma attached to rape and molestation cases. Official statistics show that there has been a dramatic increase in the number of reported crimes against women.

Sexual Harassment

            Half of the total number of crimes against women reported in 1990 related to molestation and harassment at the workplace. Eve teasing is an euphemism used for sexual harassment or molestation of women by men. Many activists blame the rising incidents of sexual harassment against women on the influence of “Western culture”. In 1987, the The Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act was passed to prohibit indecent representation of women through advertisements or in publications, writings, paintings, figures or in any other manner.

            In 1997, in a landmark judgement, the Supreme Court of India took a strong stand against sexual harassment of women in the workplace. The Court also laid down detailed guidelines for prevention and redressal of grievances. The National Commission for Women subsequently elaborated these guidelines into a Code of Conduct for employers.

Dowry

            In 1961, the Government of India passed the Dowry Prohibition Act, making the dowry demands in wedding arrangements illegal. However, many cases of dowry-related domestic violence, suicides and murders have been reported. In the 1980s, numerous such cases were reported

            In 1985, the Dowry Prohibition (maintenance of lists of presents to the bride and bridegroom) rules were framed.According to these rules, a signed list of presents given at the time of the marriage to the bride and the bridegroom should be maintained. The list should contain a brief description of each present, its approximate value, the name of the who has given the present and his/her relationship to the person. However, such rules are hardly enforced.

            A 1997 reportclaimed that at least 5,000 women die each year because of dowry deaths and at least a dozen die each day in ‘kitchen fires’ thought to be intentional. The term for this is bride burning and is criticized within India itself. Amongst the urban educated, such dowry abuse has reduced dramatically.

Domestic violence

            The incidents of domestive violence are higher among the lower Socio-Economic Classes (SECs). There are various instances of an inebriated husband beating up the wife often leading to severe injuries. Domestic violence is also seen in the form of physical abuse. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 came into force on October 26, 2006.

Role of United Nation to Protect Women Human Right

            The Universal Declaration of Human Rights – proclaimed in 1948 by the General Assembly of the UN

Gender discrimination based on sex

Abstract

While growing up, Raliat was the most submissive and tolerant girl I knew in the neighborhood.

For instance, we used to share a vey small cubicle of a room with our two brothers and a male cousin. The boys slept on a mat while we slept on another. Yet, when It was clearly obvious that it was the boys that wetted the other mat, Raliat would offer and always did spread it for them. Then, she would scrub and clean up the room after them. I always used to insist they did it all themselves, but her reply used to be :

‘how do you think they would feel if everyone saw them spreading their mats?’

And I would ask:

‘What about you?, don’t you care that people would think you wetted the mas?’

She would shrug her shoulders and reply,

‘ I’m only a girl, they will be mocked as boys’.

That was how different she saw our roles in the society. When our parents died, we were only fifteen years old, so an uncle from the city volunteered to take us with him. My sister declined, and opted to marry her junior school sweetheart. I simply couldn’t understand her thought process. Clearly, she was the night while I was the day! 

Despite my repeated pleadings , she got married two years later while I went off to college. I remember when I wrote her that I was studying law, she replied and said,

‘just keep your eyes open and not only on books, Suliat, because we will end up in the kitchen anyways’ that was the opinion she had of our roles as women.

For six years, Raliat tried to have a baby. Her in-laws were convinced it was impossible but her husband stood by her. After the sixth year, she couldn’t take the ‘shame’ any longer, she married a younger woman for her husband (woman to woman marriage) by paying her bride price. Although considered contrary  to public policy,[1] is a settled practice where I come from. Within a space of three years, the second wife had two children. Though happy for her husband, my sister was extremely depressed. She once wrote to me and described herself as ‘an empty nut’.

Finally, after nine years into the marriage, my twin became pregnant. I was then in the North serving my father land (NYSC). Eight months later, she went into a premature  labor in the dead of the night. Raliat chose the second day of the Oro festival. Unfortunately, the mid-wife (also a woman) could not be contacted. Her husband (a welder) became the mid-wife because she couldn’t be taken out to the hospital mainly because it is an abomination for a woman to see the Oro.

She had a beautiful set of twins alright, but before the next morning, she had given up the ghost.

My twin sister bled to death because of a custom I personally consider to be barbaric and archaic.

 

 

INTRODUCTION

To me, gender stereotype is visible everyday and every where because it is how I am privileged in this culture. This is due to the existence of Patriarchy, the prevailing  religion of the planet. Where I come from, the males are blind to these factors simply because he has conditioned his mind to use himself as a yardstick for determining what is ‘normal’, ‘acceptable’ way of living. It is a system whereby the female is everywhere subsumed under the male. For instance, if a decision is to be made due to inadequate resources, male children are often preferred to their female counterparts and are more likely to be sent to schools, while the women are relegated to the domestic world.

Gender has always and I fear to admit , will always remain a hot topic of debate such as religion, sport and politics, if and only if, we don’t turn the word ‘right side up’ as stated by ‘Sojourner Truth (1) in1851 in Akron, Ohio when she delivered her famous speech “Ain’t I a woman?”, at a convention on women’s right. She was reported to have taken up the defense of mother Eve so superbly by saying:

“if de Fust woman God ever made was strong enough to turn de world Upside down all alone, dese women ought to be able to turn it back and get right side up again!”

That is how much influence the female gender could be as an instrument of change on the issue of gender discrimination.

Gender discrimination was perhaps given an empirical status through research in psychology which in turn can be traced to the functionalist school of the late 1800s, which held that men and women differ in ability and personality. It developed further through psychoanalysis to hold the view that differences in anatomy produce personality differences in women and men, with women being inferior in a number of important ways. This has been seen not to be so true in plethora of cases. If women are not confined to certain roles, allowed to exercise their ‘muscles’ in the society, and also given the same managerial opportunities for instance, in an organization, they are more likely to perform just as good as their male counterparts or even better, because they are more sensitive to vital issues that deals with building healthy working relationships and they have the natural instincts to be able to detect when things are about to go wrong. What more, a woman is a natural reconciliatory if she wants to be and she can help oil the machineries of a working relationship to help it go smoother.

 

CONCEPTUAL CLARIFICATION.

 

Gender stereotype.

These consists of beliefs about the psychological traits and characteristics as well as the activities                                                                                                                                                                                        appropriate to men and women. They include beliefs and attitudes about masculinity and femininity.

 

Gender Roles.

Robert Brannon (2) traced the word ‘role’ back to the terminology of the theater. It was French for ‘roll’ referring to the roll of paper on which an actor’s part was printed. It is particularly meaningful if we consider that the role or the part a person plays differs from the person. Therefore, the male gender role or the female gender role is like a script that men and women follow to fulfill their appropriate parts in acting masculine or feminine.

Gender roles are defined by behaviors and they consists of activities that men and women engage in with different  frequencies. However, when people associate a pattern of behavior with either women or men (gender roles) , they may overlook the individual variations and come to believe that the behavior is inevitably associated with one gender but not the other, hence gender roles can become gender stereotypes.

Rights

What is a right? Derived from the Latin word ‘rectus’, it means correct, straight as opposed to a wrong. It connotes to stand in accord with law, morality and justice. It is a well founded and acknowledged claim enforceable by the power of the state. A thing is therefore not a right until the state has begotten it by legislative process.

 

Customs

This represents what the people do and generally accept as having the effect of law (3).  They are norms of moral conduct which reflects the ‘Volksgeist’ (4) of a people and evolves through their own peculiar usages and practices. They are things people do or things people always do in a particular way.

 

Discrimination.

This is the different treatment of others based solely on their membership in a society distinct group or category, such as race, ethnicity, sex, religion, age or disability. (5)

In our context, we would be talking about discrimination based on sex with particular reference to the infringement of the female’s freedom of movement particularly amongst the Yoruba people of western Nigeria as a case study.

 

 

 

 

Gender Roles of a woman.

In most societies, the attributes of a ‘true’ woman whereby she is judged and she judges herself are the same. They are the four cardinal virtues- piety, purity, submissiveness and domesticity.

Without these virtues, it is believed that no woman’s life could have a real meaning.

These cardinal virtues have been formed from religion. Religious studies have been seen to be compatible with femininity. Even traditional worshippers all over the world find these virtues a necessity for complete womanhood.

Men could be equally religious but not naturally as virtuous. For example, men are allowed to be prone to sin and seduction and what more, largely due to a woman’s lack of purity!

Submissiveness is a desirable and necessary virtue in women, while it is totally not manly. Women in most society long to have a strong, courageous, older, wise and forceful men. Women are not allowed to question a man’s authority.

Lastly, most societies believe a woman’s place was uniquely by her own fire side. Like Raliat, most women think the domestic duties expected from them are cooking, nursing, cleaning e.t.c. most Nigerian women who passes these cardinal virtues’ test are considered to be true women.

In the rural areas where there are few or no indicators pointing out women’s rights or what they should expect from life, they simply submit to the dictates of the society. They believe domesticity could be learned and practiced , purity is attainable, piety, mastered and submissiveness should be  a second nature.

Question however is: who are the people who constitute the society? What is the yardstick for determining a normal, acceptable what of living? If biological, does it mean that these cardinal virtues cannot be gleaned from a male physiology

Gender Based Violence – a Violation of Human Rights

Gender Based Violence A Violation of Human Rights

Position of Women from ancient period

Some scholars believe that in ancient India, the women enjoyed equal status with men in all fields of life. However, some others hold contrasting views. Works by ancient Indian grammarians such as Patanjali and Katyayana suggest that women were educated in the early Vedic period. Rigvedic verses suggest that the women married at a mature age and were probably free to select their husband.Scriptures such as Rig Veda and Upanishads mention several women sages and seers, notably Gargi and Maitreyi.

Some kingdoms in the ancient India had traditions such as nagarvadhu (“bride of the city”). Women competed to win the coveted title of the nagarvadhu. Amrapali is the most famous example of a nagarvadhu.

According to studies, women enjoyed equal status and rights during the early Vedic period. However, later (approximately 500 B.C.), the status of women began to decline with the Smritis (esp. Manusmriti) and other religious texts curtailing women’s freedom and rights.

The Indian woman’s position in the society further deteriorated during the medieval period. Sati, child marriages and ban on widow remarriages became part of social life in India. The Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent brought the purdah practice in the Indian society. Among the Rajputs of Rajasthan, the Jauhar was practised. In some parts of India, the Devadasis or the temple women were sexually exploited. Polygamy was widely practised esp. among Hindu Kshatriya rulers. In many Muslim families, women were secluded to Zenana.

In spite of these conditions, some women execeled in the fields of politics, literature, education and religion. Razia Sultana became the only woman monarch to have ever ruled Delhi. The Gond queen Durgavati ruled for fifteen years, before she lost her life in a battle with Mughal empror Akbar’s general Asaf Khan in 1564.

The Bhakti cults tried to restore women’s status and questioned some of the forms of oppression. Mirabai, a female saint-poet, was one of the most important Bhakti movement figures. Some other female saint-poets from this period include Akkamadevi, Rami Janabai and Lal Ded.

Rani Padmini Jahanara Begum and Princess Zebunnissa were well-known poetesses and they also influenced the ruling administration. Buddhist Nuns

Guru Nanak, the first guru of Sikhs preached the message of equality between men and women. He advocated that women are allowed to lead religious assemblies; to perform and lead congregational hymn singing called Kirtan or Bhajan; become members of religious management committees; to lead armies on the battlefield; have equality in marriage, and equality in Amrit (Baptism). Other Sikh Gurus also preached against the discrimination against women. Although reformatory movements such as Jainism allowed women to be admitted to the religious order, by and large, the women in India faced confinement and restrictions. The practice of child marriages is believed to have started from around sixth century.

European scholars observed in the 19th century Hindu women are naturally chaste and more virtuous than other women. During the British Raj, many reformers such as Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Hyotirao Phule etc. fought for the upliftment of women. Raja Rammohun Ray’s effeorts led to the abolition of the Sati practice in 1829. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar crusade for the improvement in condition of widows led to the Widow Remarriage Act of 1856. Many women reformers such as Pandita Ramabai also helped the cause of women upliftment.

In 1917, the first women’s delegation met the Secretary of State to demand women’s political rights, supported by the Indian National Congress. The All India Women’s Education Conference was held in Pune in 1927. In 1929, the Child Marriage Restraint Act was passed, stipulating fourteen as the minimum age of marriage for a girl. Though Mahatma Gandhi himself married at the age of thirteen, he later urged people to boycott child marriages and called upon the young men to marry the child widows.

Women played an important part in India’s independence struggle. Some of the famous freedom fighters include Bhikaji Cama, Dr. Annie Besant, Pritilata Waddedar, Vijayalakshmi Pandit, Rajkumari Amrit Kaur, Anjali Ammal, Aruna Asaf Ali, Sucheta Kriplani and Kasturba Gandhi. Other notable names include Muthulakshmi Reddi, Durgabai Deshmukh etc. The Rani of Jhansi Regiment of Subhash Chandra Bose’s Indian National Army consisted entirely of women including Captain Lakshmi Sahgal. Sarojini Naidu, a poet and a freedom fighter, was the first Indian woman to become the President of the Indian National Congress and the first woman to become the governor of a state in India.

Women in India now participate in all activities such as education, politics, media, art and culture, service sectors, science and technology, etc.

Gender based Violence

Gender based violence is a serious, long-standing problem in most countries, with particular impact on women. Every year, thousands of women are beaten, raped or psychologically abused by their intimate partners.

Abuses against women are relentless, systematic, and widely tolerated, if not explicitly condoned. Violence and discrimination against women are global social epidemics, notwithstanding the very real progress of the international women’s human rights movement in identifying, raising awareness about, and challenging impunity for women’s human rights violations. Millions of women throughout the world live in conditions of abject deprivation of, and attacks against, their fundamental human rights for no other reason than that they are women.

Harms suffered by women at the hands of private individuals or within the family have been placed outside of the conceptual framework of international human rights. Feminists have argued that a failing of international human rights norms is in not recognizing the ‘gendered’ consequences of their application they render invisible particular problems suffered by women.

Crimes against Women

Police records show high incidence of crimes against women in India. The National Crime Records Bureau reported in 1998 that the growth rate of crimes against women would be higher than the population growth rate by 2010. Earlier, many cases were not registered with the police due to the social stigma attached to rape and molestation cases. Official statistics show that there has been a dramatic increase in the number of reported crimes against women.

Sexual Harassment

Half of the total number of crimes against women reported in 1990 related to molestation and harassment at the workplace. Eve teasing is an euphemism used for sexual harassment or molestation of women by men. Many activists blame the rising incidents of sexual harassment against women on the influence of “Western culture”. In 1987, the The Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act was passed to prohibit indecent representation of women through advertisements or in publications, writings, paintings, figures or in any other manner.

In 1997, in a landmark judgement, the Supreme Court of India took a strong stand against sexual harassment of women in the workplace. The Court also laid down detailed guidelines for prevention and redressal of grievances. The National Commission for Women subsequently elaborated these guidelines into a Code of Conduct for employers.

Dowry

In 1961, the Government of India passed the Dowry Prohibition Act, making the dowry demands in wedding arrangements illegal. However, many cases of dowry-related domestic violence, suicides and murders have been reported. In the 1980s, numerous such cases were reported

In 1985, the Dowry Prohibition (maintenance of lists of presents to the bride and bridegroom) rules were framed.According to these rules, a signed list of presents given at the time of the marriage to the bride and the bridegroom should be maintained. The list should contain a brief description of each present, its approximate value, the name of the who has given the present and his/her relationship to the person. However, such rules are hardly enforced.

A 1997 reportclaimed that at least 5,000 women die each year because of dowry deaths and at least a dozen die each day in ‘kitchen fires’ thought to be intentional. The term for this is bride burning and is criticized within India itself. Amongst the urban educated, such dowry abuse has reduced dramatically.

Domestic violence

The incidents of domestive violence are higher among the lower Socio-Economic Classes (SECs). There are various instances of an inebriated husband beating up the wife often leading to severe injuries. Domestic violence is also seen in the form of physical abuse. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 came into force on October 26, 2006.

Role of United Nation to Protect Women Human Right

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights  proclaimed in 1948 by the General Assembly of the UN and the foundation of the UN human rights system  states that everyone should enjoy human rights without discrimination and affirms the equal rights of women and men. However, in practice gross violations of women human rights have often been ignored and structural discrimination against women not challenged.

The Women’s Rights Division of Human Rights Watch fights against the dehumanization and marginalization of women. We promote women’s equal rights and human dignity. The realization of women’s rights is a global struggle based on universal human rights and the rule of law. It requires all of us to unite in solidarity to end traditions, practices, and laws that harm women.

Role of Indian Government to Protect Women Right

Now the Government of India has been taking good steps to improve women position in India. With the help of private organization the women welfare ministry is conduction so many awareness programs to women. Today women are participating in all the fields.

The Constitution of India guarantees to all Indian women equality (Article 14), no discrimination by the State (Article 15(1)), equality of opportunity (Article 16), equal pay for equal work (Article 39(d)). In addition, it allows special provisions to be made by the State in favour of women and children (Article 15(3)), renounces practices derogatory to the dignity of women (Article 51(A) (e)), and also allows for provisions to be made by the State for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief. (Article 42).

Role of Education in Women development

According to 1992-93 figures, only 9.2% of the households in India were female-headed. However, approximately 35% of the households below the poverty line were found to be female-headed

Though it is gradually rising, the female literacy rate in India is lower compared to the male literacy rate. Compared to boys, far fewer girls are enrolled in the schools, many of them drop out. According to the National Sample Survey Data of 1997, only the states of Kerala and Mizoram have approached universal female literacy rates. According to majority of the scholars, the major factor behind the improved social and economic status of women in Kerala is literacy.

Under Non-Formal Education programme, about 40% of the centers in states and 10% of the centers in UTs are exclusively reserved for females. As of 2000, about 0.3 million NFE centers were catering to about 7.42 million children, out of which about 0.12 million were exclusively for girls. Currently, in engineering, medical and other colleges, 30% of the seats have been reserved for females.

According to a 1998 report by U.S. Department of Commerce, the chief barrier to female education in India are inadequate school facilities (such as sanitary facilities), shortage of female teachers and gender bias in curriculum (majority of the female characters being depicted as weak and helpless)

Work participation

In rural India, agriculture and allied industrial sectors employ as much as 89.5% of the total female labour. In overall farm production, women’s average contribution is estimated at 55% to 66% of the total labour. According to a 1991 World Bank report, women accounted for 93% of total employment in dairy production in India. Women constitute 51% of the total employed in forest-based small-scale enterprises.

One of the most famous female business success stories is the Shri Mahila Griha Udyog, the makers of the Lijjat papad. In 2006, Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, who started Biocon – one of India’s first biotech companies, was rated India’s richest woman. Lalita Gupte and Kalpana Morparia (both were the only businesswomen in India who made our list of the Forbes World’s Most Powerful Women), run India’s second-largest bank, ICICI Bank.

Conclusion

Through education it is possible for overall development of women in India. Education gives knowledge, wealth and health. Education is solution for all types of problems in the society. It is the duty of Education and Home Science and Social Work departments that to conduct awareness programmes for the welfare of women. It is necessary to establish women welfare cell in the universities. It is necessary to conduct monthly seminar to discuss about position of women in the society. I feel that it is necessary to publish at least one journal in the year for the welfare of women.


Name:Naraginti Amareswar reddy Father Name: N.M.Reddy Sex: Male Date of Birth: 10th Fed 1981 Ed Qua: M.Sc., M.Ed., research scholar in the dept. of education, sri venkateswara university, tirupati, india. e-mail ID: amareswaran@gmail.com